Dr Royal Lee

How "Organized Medicine" is Fighting Vitamins

Royal lee, D.D.S. 2023 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Posted for noncommercial historical preservation and educational use only by seleneriverpress.com

HOW I INADVERTENTLY STEPPED ON THE TOES OF ORGANIZED MEDICINE

I was born with a research complex, or you might say with an abnormal bump of curiosity in my dome. When, as a dental student, I came to the conclusion that the civilized world was starving to death, I had no idea that my efforts to show people how to avoid that fate would bring down on my head a club wielded by the United States Government, apparently instigated by organized medicine, who were making quite different plans for the management of public "health."

I had no idea that "organized medicine" not only refused to even investigate discoveries made by "outsiders" or that it would go so for as to condemn any such discoveries as quackery without investigation, and to deliberately mislead the public into thinking there was no cause for alarm, where in fact the majority of deaths as recorded statistically were the direct result of various forms of starvation and deficiency that were not even suspected by the victims or by the general public.

I may say that I went into the matter mainly as a philantliropic venture, my own future being secure as a result of income from a number of patented inventions in electrical engineering specialties, another byproduct of that "bvmp of curiosity."

SEVENTEEN YEARS AHEAD

As a senior dentel student, in 1923, I had prepared a paper on the subject, "The Systemic Causes of Dental Caries" in which I pointed out the probability of vitamin deficiency as a major cause of nat only dental caries, but also various other disorders and diseases that arise from a lowered resistance and impaired nutrition. The scientific correctness of my predictions at that early date are shown by comparing my statement of 1923 with those of leaders in research work many years later.

... as ... the endocrines depend upon the supply of vitamins for their disease fighting secretions, it is apparent that the degree of resistance possessed by the individual is proportional in con· siderable measure to the vitamins in his diet." (My comment in 1923. Compare this with Dr. Sevringhaus' statement of 1940, given on page) 1. "If we can, by the use of vitamins, favorably influence the course of a disease such as pneumonia, arthritis, myasthenia, even eventually to cure them, what would have happened if, before becoming ill, the patient would have absorbed the right quantity of vitamin? The probable answer to this question is that the patient would never have been diseased if he had provided himself with the right vitamin." (Szent-Gyorgyi, laPresse Medicale, page 995, June 25, 19381.

"Vitamin C deficiency in chronic infections, such as gastric or duodenal ulcer, and particularly osteomyelitis, has been found universal and its redification has been most effective in curing these conditions. We have recently reached the conclusion that in every case of acute or chronic infection there should be, as a routine, a careful laboratory examination as to Vitamin C deficiency. We are thoroughly convinced that Vitamin C is of inestimable value in both acute and chronic infections. The more fulminating the acute infection and the longer the chronic infection has continued, the more is the need for Vitamin c." (Fred H. Albee, M. D., Sc. D., LI. D., F. A. C. 5., F. I. C. S., President of International College of Surgeons, Journal of International College of Surgeons, pages 425-430, October, 1940.)

WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT?

Realizing these facts, it became apparent to me that two things were urgently needed. 1. New ways to prepare common foods to conserve vitamin content, to keep well people well, and 2. Effective concentrates for the physician and dentist to prescribe to quickly replenish the depleted vitamin reserves of the sick, many of whom were really starved into disability and did not know it. To aid in reaching the first objective, I developed and patented a new small portable mill to make whole wheat flour, so each baker could grind wheat fresh for each baking. (Patent No. 1816050.)

As a more extensive objective, I at the same time began as a spare-time project the investigation of the physical properties of the various vitamins, so that I would be able to make concentrates from the foods and food byproducts that contained them. By 1930 I had a composite vitamin concentrate ready for production, that had proven very effective in correcting the various deficiency conditions set forth in my paper in 1923. Its use in my own family alone convinced me that it was highly necessary to get the product into the hands of physicians generally, as soon as possible, for it actually seemed to give a new lease on life to any patient suffering from the lowered vitality that characterizes almost all chronic conditions of so-called "incurable" disease, with most astonishing benefits to persons with indications of heart disease.

later on, I was able to use some of my training in electrical fields by helping to devise a new phonocardiograph, to graphically record magnified heart sounds, so as to visually demonstrate the phenomenal improvement that occurs in a starved heart when vitamins are supplied. I felt guilty of almost criminal neglect as the days passed, while I considered ways and means of getting the new product into the hands of the physicians who were treating starving people by every other known method but the right one. I went to the largest concern in the pharmaceutical business with my information, and offered it to them with this proposition: Put the product on the market, and after its commercial value is definitely established, pay me in some way the actual cost of my five-year research job on the thing, which I estimated at fifteen thousand dollars.

THE ALMIGHTY "SEAL OF APPROVAL"

After a special directors' meeting was called to discuss the offer, I was informed that the product was too revolutionary for the concern to tackle. They said that every product they were then selling had been accepted by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association and that in their opinion, it would take two to three hundred thousand dollars and five years' time to "convince" that association that the new product was acceptable; and that to try to market the product without the "acceptance" would result in the boycotting of their present business by all the members of the Medical Association.

I then approached several industrial organizations and life insurance companies who should have seen a definite and important dollar value in prolonging the lives of employees and policy holders, and in each case I was again referred to the American Medical Association "if I had something of value." '

A BUSINESS THAT BUILT ITSELF

Now what to do? The problem solved itself. I had so many calls from friends and relatives for additional supplies of the vitamin tablets, that I had to adopt a trade name to avoid the possible charge of making up prescriphons, and the "business" was increasing daily. So I simply followed the course of filling orders from all who wanted the product for their own use or to sell to others, and without any preliminary sales promotion expense, the bUSiness grew from a small beginning into its present volume of fifteen or twenty thousand physician customers.

While we of course accepted all business from the lay public, we found it most advisable to confine our sales efforts to the contacting of physicians through "detail men." The reason for this is that the people who are nearest to death from vitamin deficiency are usually under the care of a doctor, and I felt a moral obligation to do my best to reach them with the life-saving vitamins they needed.

"QUACKERY" CHARGED THE A.M.A.

It was not long before the American Medical Association heard of my activities. Persons hearing about the results produced by "Catalyn" (I hod named the product this because of the fact that vitamins are organic catalysts), would write to the American Medical Association to ask if these results could be possible. They were informed that:

a) "Catalyn" was a "crude piece of quackery. * " (*Quackery is defined as "a pretention to knowledge which one does not have." Who then fits best into the role of quackery?)

b) That vitamins, anyway, were useless for any such disease that the inquirer had asked about.

c) That no investigation of "Catalyn" hod been made by the A.M.A. to determine its actual merits.

Here are typical statements made in these letters:

"To say that 'heart trouble' is a vitamin deficiency disease is to make a statement that is meaningless and silly." "Your doctor is right when he says that heart trouble is not connected with a vitamin deficiency."

"Regarding the use of vitamin concentrates in the treatment of heart disorders, we have yet to see a single authoritative report that such a procedure is of value, or that it has produced any alleviation of this disease condition."

"Regardless of arguments of those who have something to sell, the fact remains that, except for vitamin D in the diet of infants, any well rounded diet contains an adequate supply of vitamins, and supplementing them with commercial preparations is unnecessary."

"There is no connection between vitamin B deficiency and the cause of diabetes."

THE GOVERNMENT "INVESnGATES"

Others wrote to the Food and Drug Administration at Washington. Officials there replied that after examination of "Catalyn" (Microscopic!) they found that it consisted of "wheat bran, starch, oil and yeast," and that the product was valueless. These officials here jumped to a conclusion, for instead of the extensive clinical tests requiring hundreds of thousands of dollars that the large drug firm said was necessary to prove the facts, these officials only had to look through a microscope!

A precedent was set up here, though, fhat had to be upheld at all costs from then on, to save the face of those officials!

The next act of the Food and Drug Administration was to start seizures of "Catalyn" shipments on the ground that the claims made in accompanying literature were false. Four seizures were made in all. I contested three by appearing and making arrangements to defend my position in court, but a fourth was overlooked, and the Government confiscated a few dollars' worth of the product, and issued a "Notice of Judgment."

HOW TO TREAT AN OUTSIDER

This notice of judgment was seized upon by the A. M. A. to prove that their opinions previously expressed were justified, and added to letters in reply to new inquirers. (It is a peculiarly significant fact that while practically every drug firm in business has had various notices af judgment like this published similarly in Government bulletins, the A.M. A. never quotes them or mentions them.

These are bombs to be thrown only at "outsiders" who try to sell a product that has not been suitably presented for "acceptance." They are also mimeographed and mailed out to Better Business Bureaus gratis, throughout the country, to further embarrass such "outsiders." No reproductions are ever made of notices of judgment against the products of concerns who advertise in the Journal of the A. M. A.I

This was in 1933. The Government still had made no tests on "Catalyn It that would indicate in any way the possible properties of a vitamin product.

BUT HERE WERE LIVING EXAMPLES

In an attempt to convince Food and Drug officials of the value of "Catalyn" I had sent in a number of .case reports from various physicians. One was that of a . little girl in Ohio who had had a very critical lung abscess, following pneumonia, and whose recovery the physician attributed to the use of "Catalyn." Another patient of the same doctor was reported, in which a calcified deposit in a muscle was removed by the use of "Catalyn", the case report being accompanied by X-ray photographs proving the deposit had disappeared.

Government agents then called upon these patients, who were told that "Catalyn" was a fraudulent product, and that they should think more of their children and themselves than to patronize such a doctor. The doctor was not approached for his version of the matter. I might add that in each case the Government agents were informed by the parents and patient that they needed no outsider to tell them of the value of "Catalyn" or the integrity of their doctor.

WHAT WAS BEHIND IT ALL?

This incident caused me to look for some motive so powerful as to couse these investigators to go all the way from Washington to Ohio to try to destroy what evidence I had offered to prove that' was right in my statements as to the merits of "Catalyn." If doctors were to be intimidated through attacks upon their patients by salaried Government employees, there must be somebody or some organization with very powerful influence behind the campaign.

About that time Dr. Daniel 1. Quigley published his book, "Notes on Vitamins and Diets." In it he not only listed most of the diseases I had found responsive to "CataIyn" as vitamin deficiency diseases, but also offered me a clue as to where the powerful influences were. (Dr. Quigley is an internationally-known authority on cancer, having operated his own cancer hospital for many years in Omaha. He is also on the faculty of the Nebraska State Medical College. He began to study foods and nutrition in an effort to find a rational cause for cancer, after observing that cancer patients almost invariably have various other complicating disorders that appeared to be deficiency diseases.)

THE VALUE OF HUMAN LIFE

On pcge 111 to 113 he comments as follows, after discusing the health-destroying properties of white flour products:

"The economic situation here involved has forced foods into general use in the civilized world which, if continued, will mean the destruction of those who consume them. A very great number of interlocking organizations connected with the manufacture and distribution of pernicious and unfit food materials has come into existence. They will do everything in their power to continue to sell their goods...

••• The point of interest here is that the commercial interests seem willing to pay a good price for propaganda favoring the sale of their goods.•••

Officials in medical societies, medical writers, and universities are being subsidized in order to put out propaganda in favor of food conditions as they now are. Some of the officials in medical societies have openly stated that they do not believe in upsetting business. Apparently business for them ranks higher than human life."

In December, 1934, the Food and Drug Administration filed an information against me in the Federal Court at Milwaukee, charging me with two offenses:

a) misbranding a drug product by claiming that it was useful in the treatment of a list of diseases that they contended were not curable by any ingredient found in the product.

b) misbranding a drug product by claiming that it contained effective amounts of various vitamins when, they contended, its vitamin content was ineffectively low.

THE PROOF OF THE PUDDING

The Food and Drug officials said that the diseases I had listed in my circulars accompanying the "Catalyn'" had no connection with vitamin deficiency, and no vitamin product, regardless of its degree of vitamin content would be of value as a remedy. As a witness in the trial, I had among others, Dr. Quigley, who testified that vitamin deficiency, according to his knowledge and experience, was a cause of the diseases listed. Government experts testified to the contrary. I also had physicians who had had experience with "Catalyn" testify that it had accomplished just what I had claimed for it in over one thousand cases of patients with the typical diseases listed in my literature; that it had been found indispensable in heart disease; that cardiograms made before and after its use invariably showed improvement, in some cases very spectacular-the cardiograms being put into the record as evidence.

97 YEARS OLD, THANKS TO CATALYN

Another physician testified that he had used "Catalyn" in treating the heart condition of a 92-year-old bedridden woman whose heart was skipping every other beat; that the missing beats were eliminated by the "Catalyn"; that the patient was enabled to live a normal life for five yzars, being still alive and in good health at the time he testified. The same doctor stated he hos found "Catalyn" invaluable as a remedy for the condition of prolonged blood-clotting time, in that it reduced a twelve minute clotting time to three minutes in two days.

This doctor also stated that he had been enabled by the use of "Catalyn" to prevent himself from contracting colds and influenza, to which he was constantly exposed by patients with such infections., and that he even could stop such diseases from developing after they had started by using heavier tt mporary doses.

CLINICAL RESULTS VS. HIRED "EXPERTS"

Witnesses were called by me who testified as to relief from prostate enlargement, heart block, goiter, dropsy, cataract, pneumonia, and various other conditions. Then the Government introduced experts who testified that according to the consensus of medical opinion, these diseases had nothing whatever to do with vitamins, and no vitamin could be of value in their treatment.

As to the vitamin content of "Catalyn," it developed that when the purchase of "Catalyn" was made by Government agents in San Francisco, November 2, 1933, there was no legal m~thod of ascertaining vitamin content, as the U. S. Pharmacopeia did not set up assay methods until June 30, 1934. The charges based on animal assays should therefore have been dismissed according to constitutional law, but Judge Stone overruled a motion by my defense counsel to that effect. My further objection to these assays on animals was that since I had proved the efficacy of "CataIyn" by actual tests on human subjects, these were final tests and should supervene any others. Judge Stone also flatly refused to admit evidence offered by myself, to show that there could be a difference in the reaction of a test animal such as a rat or guinea pig to a food product of a vitamin character. Such admission would have demolished the Government's case against me.

HOW FAIR WAS THE COURT?

The jury accepted the arguments of the Government, representing "expert" opinions, and disregarded the factual testimony offered by my witnesses. I believe the prejudiced attitude of Judge Stone was the controlling factor in this. I was found guilty and fined the legal limit of $800 plus costs. The attitude of the judge was well demonstrated when he attempted to collect an additional $1,500 in costs by a "mistake" in calculating witness fees and expenses. Such overcharges are not recoverable once paid.

GOVERNMENT ADMITS THEIR MISTAKES

The case was tried in February, 1939. Now, there were several interesting subsequent developments. In 1940, the Department of Agriculture published a yearbook, entitled "Food and Life." In it is listed practically the same category of diseases that I first specified in 1930 as. vitamin deficiency diseases, thereby showing up the "Experts" who testified in the case as either ignoramuses or prostituters of their profession. The outstanding one of these "experts" was Dr. Elmer L. Sevringhaus, who has since appeared as co-author of the book "Vitamin Therapy" in which he spectacularly somersaults in his reversal of opinion as to the value of vitamins for the treatment of stomach ulcers, toxic goiter, women's diseases, heart disease, dropsy, low vitality, fatigability, and low resistance to infections.

A SUDDEN CHANGE OF OPINION

As a witness Dr. Sevringhaus said in answer, for example, to the question, "Has contagion or infection anything to do with vitamin deficiency in a primary sense?"

His answer, "It is not thought to have any relationship, my answer would not be different if you were insert 'the probability of it being an important cause.'"

But in his book, the same Dr. Sevringhaus states in different words the identical opinion I had expressed in 1923 " ... thus it appears likely that this vitamin (vitamin C) may be important in helping to maintain the integrity of this immunologic mechanism," and "its presence (in endocrine glands) is correlated with the chemical processes involved in the hormone syntheses." p. 101.

GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZES FALLACY OF UNIT

Another fact established by Government scientists in the Yearbook is the finality of clinical tests over animal assays. Here are their statements: p. 151 -- "Yet, because of physiological individuality, we cannot determine the nutritional requirements of monkeys by experiments on rats any more than we can determine the nutritional requirements of man by experiments on monkeys .... For specific information about the reaction of any particular species of· animal it will be necessary to make the actual trial on the species in question. The proof of the pudding is in the eating, and each animal has to eat is own pudding." (M. H. Friedman, Senior Physiologist, Bureau of Dairy Industry.)

Also on pp. 12 to 13 of the Yearbook, "No one animal will do to represent the reactions of all animals, including human beings; nor can it be said positively that because one kind of animal reacts thus and so in a given experiment, other kinds of animals will react in the same manner; or because one kind of animal needs such and such an amount of a given nutrient, therefore another kind of animal needs a proportionate amount. All such conclusions must be tested directly on the other animal." (Gove Hambidge, Principal Research Writer, Office of Information, U. S. Department of Agriculture.)

THEY PROVED I WAS RIGHT

Taken as a whole, these developments represent a onehundred per cent vindication for me. You would think that the Food and Drug officials would feel slightly chagrined over the picture as it has developed.

But that is not the way bureaucrats operate. They never admit a mistake. Let us go back to the motivating power behind all this. I pointed out in the beginning that the American Medical Association was the all-powerful source of information and regulation for all who were engaged in any activity touching on the treatment of the sick, that no manufacturer dared to market a product without their consent. The attitude of organized medicine towards vitamins had always been so biased and acrimonious that I could never fathom the matter until I came across Dr. Quigley's statements, and another discovery a little later illuminated the whole picture very clearly.

THE A.M.A. WILL PUBI.JCIZE IT FOR A PRICE

I offer below the published statement of Dr. Arthur J. Cramp of the Department of Investigation (and Propaganda) of the American Medical Association, in which he offers the influence of the Journal of the Association to help to sell the idea of devitalized food products not only to the public but also to the MEMBERS of the American Medical Association. (This was made to Dr. Barnard of the Baking Institute, and reported in Baking Technology, January, 1925.)

"I have wondered recently whether you have ever thought of suggesting to the organized bakers of the country that there is very real need of an educational campaign on the part of the modern baker directed first toward the medical profession, and, second, toward the general public on the subject of white bread. "

As you probably know, the medical profession has a very poor opinion of ordinary white bread and loses no opportunity of depreciating it when dietetic questions are raised. The food faddists and fakers have, of course, been most virulent against white bread. But it is an unfortunate fact that the medical profession itself has rather taken the attitude that there was a certain degree of soundness in the denunciation against this staple article of diet and, instead of attempting to correct the impression, has let it stand.

"I believe the baking industry would do itself a service if it undertook to carry a campaign directed first, to the medical profession and later, if necessary, to the public direct, on the facts regarding white bread, as made today by the more progressive and far-sighted members of the baking industry."

The offer was accepted. Up to that time the huge baking and milling industry hod paid no tribute to the American Medical Association. Dr. Cramp saw a marvelous opportunity to sell both the public and members of the association "down the river" at a fat profit, and the deal went through.

The people of Denmark during the World War, INADVERTENTLY did a similar thing, as reported in the 1939 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture of the United States, page 3: "During the World War, Denmark exported its butter because of the war demand and substituted other fats in the diet. Blindness, caused by lack of vitamin A, began to show up among Danish children. Their eyesight had been sold abroad along with the butter."

The sale of the health of the nation here, however, was NOT inadvertent. It was PLANNED AND DELIBERATE.

THERE IS A REASON FOR DEPRECATING VITAMINS

Here we see just why the A. M. A. has since 1925 gone out of its way to discredit vitamins. Dr. Sevringhaus' testimony may be more understandable when we learn that he is on the Council of the A. M. A. that passes on the •• acceptability" of vitamins and other products offered for the treatment of disease.

Dr. Quigley said back in 1933 that white flour products were not fit for food. He recognized the fact at that time that our great prevalence of heart disease, the killer of more people than any other cause of death, alone justified the opinion, as the absence of the vitamin B complex in it made it a dangerous and insidious public enemy. There is only one way to .obtain wholesome whole wheat flour. That is to buy and use only the fresh ground product. Authorities on whole wheat flour say that it is as perishable as milk.

AND THE PUBLIC BE DAMNED

The Government-fostered campaign recently instituted, to put in it synthetic vitamins is a sham. If the real vitamins were put back why take them out? Synthetics can be put back without putting back the perishability, but the consumer can be fooled for a while into thinking that there is nothing wrong, by propagandizing him to death1i1erally.

PROTECTING THE "ACCEPTED" MANUFACTURER

As an example of how the Food and Drug authorities permit a manufacturer who has his products "accepted" by the A. M. A. to make ridiculous therapeutic claims, take a look at the advertisement on the back cover of the Journal of the A. M. A. for March 13, 1937, and note the list of diseases that are inferentially curable by using a proprietary mixture of glucose and malt sug.ar in sweetening milk for babies. Boldly outlined, they are: Gastrointestinal disorders, Diarrhea, Steatorrhea, Atrophy, Vomiting, Decomposition, Hypotrophy, Athrepsia, Marasmus, Premature infants, Spasmophilic baby, Malnutrition, Indigestion, Pyloric stenosis, Fermentative diarrhea, Dysentry, Wasting disorders, Inanition, Intestinal intoxication, leukemia, Tetany, under weight, Malassimilation of fat.

Does this advertisement conform to the Food and Drug regulation that claims must not be made unless a consensus of medical opinion supports them? Even a layman can see the asininity of these statements, based upon casual comments of various doctors, which are being twisted to imply far more than the writers intended.

And what are other makers of vitamins now doing? I have before me copies of recent Journals of the A. M. A. in which "accepted" vitamins (mainly synthetic) are advertised for heart failure, heart enlargement, dropsy, hyperthyroidism {toxic goiterl, pernicious anemia, ills of pregnancy, sterility, diabetes, and fatigability. Now I was prosecuted viciously FOR MAKING THESE IDENTICAL STATEMENTS, and found guilty even after bringing in witnesses acknowledged honest by the court who testified that they had CURED PATIENTS OF THESE DISEASES with my product time after time, and the reason I lost the case was BECAUSE EXPERTS TESTIFIED THAT THESE DISEASES HAD NO RELATION TO VlTAMIN DEFICIENCY and no vitamin of any kind would influence them.

IS ORGANIZED MEDICINE TRYING TO GANG UP?

Is the reason that this is the only vitamin case ever to be prosecuted by the Federal Government to be found in the fact that MY VITAMIN PRODUCTS were the FIRST AND OFTEN THE ONLY ONES TO BE FOUND CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE in treating many of these heretofore incurable diseases, and that organized medicine is running, true to form in refusing to admit the facts because they were not discovered inside of their organization, and not controlled by them?

Dr. E. M. Josephson, (M.D.) of New York has analyzed this picture in the following words, in his book, "Your Life is Their Toy" (Chedney Press, New York City.) pp. 307-9.

"In the present century the work of the biologic chemists in the field of food and nutrition was ridiculed by organized medicine. Informed and thinking men who recognized the value of this work and adopted it in the prevention and treatment of human disease, were assailed and labelled faddists and quacks. Such men as Bernarr Macfadden and Alfred W. McCann have done more to introduce a sane mode of eating and living than whole packs of medical 'authorities.' With sound common-sense they trusted the age-old folklore and tradition of health and medicine, and observation of man, and enunciated truths which were not accepted by pompous and dullwitted 'medical science' until it could understand the confirmation of rats and guinea pigs.....

"Many of the things which have been accepted as facts by modern medical science, on further study and deeper knowledge, have proved to be danger· ous half-truths, or wholly untrue. And on the other hand, many of the medical ideas and remedies which have evolved through the ages on the basis of clinical observation and judgment have been rejected categorically as 'empiric' and valueless by young and arrogant 'medical science'; merely to be readopted when this pseudo-science had learned enough to realize its errors and limitations." .....

HERE IS MY REACTION

Personally, I am more amused than distressed by the exhibition of intolerant ignorance, vicioUf stupidity, deliberate misrepresentations, and judicioI bias so apparent in this case. My chief reaction is that I have research projects that I could far better spend my time on instead of de- fending myself against such an obviously unfair, if not deliberately dishonest persecution.

It is apparent that vitamin deficiency diseases will not be controlled until we find ways and means to make wholesome foods more attractive in flavor or price than the devitalized and denatured forms. That is why I attempted to put into practice the use of mills for grinding whole wheat flour when and where it is needed. But their rntroduction has been very slow and difficult for several reasons. The possibility of retaining the vitamins and minerals in sugar has offered very interesting possibilities. The per capita consumption of sugar is greater than that of flour today. The use of a sugar containing all the original food essentials of the row cone juice would for most people solve in one sweep, their deficiency problem. Therefore, I have been carrying on a program of research with such an objective in view, with methods developed to overcome the various problems of sterilization, evaporation, crystallization, etc. without heat.

TO GET AT THE FACTS

For the purpose of setting up my investigation into this subject on a permanent basis, I have establ ished a non-profit corporation, the Lee Foundation for Nutritional Research, into which is paid a definite percentage of the gross receipts for the vitamin and mineral concentrates now sold by the Vitamin Products Company. The activities of this Foundation are reflected in the following publ ications (see followin g pages):

1 Bleaching of Flour, North Dakota Bulletin No. 72
2 Vitamins and Their Relation to Deficiency Diseases of the AI imentary Tract
3 Maintenance Nutrition in the Pigeon and Its Relation to Heart Block
4 Why We Need Vitamin E
5 Lithogenesis and Hypovitaminosis
5a Changing Incidence and Mortal ity of Infectious Disease in Relation to Changed Trends in Nutrition
5b Coronary Thrombosis: An Etiological Study
5c Ascorbic Acid as a Chemotherapeutic Agent
5d Intervertebral-Disc Lesions
5e Cancer - The Preconditioning in Pathogenesis
6 Abstracts on Relation of Vitamin Deficiencies to Heart Disorders
7 Abstracts on Effect of 'Pasteurization on the Nutritional Value of Milk
8 Calcium
9 Vitamin E vs. Wheat Germ Oi I
10 Imbalance of Vitamin B Factors
11 Vitamin F Ointments
12 Advertising and Food
13 Natural vs. Artificial Nitrates
14 Albert Carter Savage's Mineralized Garden Brings Health
15 "Food" for Thought
16 The Phys iology of Vitamins A and E
17 The Prevention of Recurrence in Peptic Ulcer
18 Cancer, a Nutritional Deficiency
18a Hope in Cancer Research
19 Thiamine Deficiency and High Estrogen Findings in Uterine Cancer and in Menorrhagia
20 Vitamin F and Carbamide in Calcium Metabolism
21 Are We Starving to Death?
22 Quotations on Vitamins from The United States Dept. of Agriculture Yearbook -- 1939 - 18 - NO. FOUNDATION REPRINTS TITLE
23 Soi I, A Foundation of Health
24 The Effects of Vitamin Deficient Diets on Rats with Special Reference to Motor Functions of Intestinal Tract in Vivo and in Vitro
25 Vitamins Are Not Drugs
25a CI i..,ical Nutrition (Food vs. Drugs)
25b The Fallacy of 'High Potency' in Vitamin Dosage
26 Studies of Vitamin Deficiency
27 Effect of Heat-Processed Foods and Metabol ized Vitamin D Milk on Dento-Facial Structures of Experimental Animals
28 Why Milk Pasteurization: Sowing Seeds of Fear
28a Why Milk Pasteurization: Plowing Under the Truth
28b Why Milk Pasteurization: The Harvest is a Barren One
28c Pasteurized Milk
29 The Cause of Eros ion
30 Recent Conclusions in Malnutrition
30a The Systemic Causes of Dental Caries
30b Vitamins in Dentistry
30c Raw Food Vitamins
30d Sugar and Sugar Products - Their Use and Abuse
30e Battlefront for Better Nutrition
30f It Can Happen Here
30g Vitamins in Dental Care
31 The Need for Vitamins
32 Current Thinking on Nutrition
33 Fundamentals of Nutrition for Physicians and Dentists
34 Nutrition and Dental Disease
35 Siudged Blood
36 Vitamins in Our Food
37 Our Teeth and Our Soi Is
37a Diseases as Deficiencies via the Soi I
38 Using Whole Grains in Family Meals
38a Unusual Meats - How to Prepare and Serve Them
38b The Cereal Grains - Some of Theif Special Characteristics

FOUNDATION SPECIAL BULLETINS
A Few Side Lights on Amino Acids
How Our Government Subsidizes Malnutrition and Disease
Butter, Vitamin E, and the "X" Factor of Dr. Price
Bleached Flour Gives Dogs Fits But It's Still Sold to Consumers
Report on Vitamin and Nutrition Research Compiled from Memory
Three Opinions of the "Death Food" Propaganda
This Molasses War: Who 'is Prevaricating? Bone Meal Nutritional Source of Calcium

FOUNDATION SPECIAL REPRINTS
The History of a Crime Against the Food Law
Chemicals in Food Products - Food and Cancer
Chemicals in Food Products - DDT
DDT in Our Dai Iy Diet
Chemicals in Food and Cosmetics - Fluorine
Chemicals in Food and Cosmetics - Fluorine
Experimental Production of "X" Disease (Hyperkeratosis) in Cattle with Chlorinated Naphthalenes and Petroleum Products
Critical Review. The Protective Ferments of the Body
Discovery of the Anticancerous Properties of the "F" Vitamine (Reptiline)
The Fight Over Vitamin E
Nutrition and Vitamins in Relation to the Heart
Some Phases of Our Many-Sided Denture Problem
Soda Pop, Flour Play Part in Diet Deficiencies

BOOKS PUBLISHED BY FOUNDATION

Appl ied Nutrition
Bacteria, Inc.
Bats, Mosquitoes-and Dollars
Bipolar Theory
Diet Prevents Pol io
Drama of Fluorine
Electro-Radio Biology
Hello, Test Animals
History of a Crime
How Good Is Your Food
Man vs. Toothache
Narrative of Investigation of Comfrey
National Malnutrition
Natural Food Cookery
Philosophy and Science of Health
Protomorphology
Studies in Deficiency Diseases
Three Years of HCI Therapy
Ulcerative Calitis
Wheel of Health

COMMENT OF OUR MAJOR WITNESS, DR. M. T. BARRETT OF THE UN IVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, AFTER THE TRIAL:

"If anyone had told me that a trial in any court in America could be conducted as was this one, I'd have told him he was a liar. I thought that only in Russia and Germany could justice be screwed around Iike that. I had to see it happen with my own eyes and ears to bel ieve it.

"Your company never had a chance from the start. Every witness produced by the government was automatically regarded by the court as an •expert'. No witness for the defense was so accepted. In fact, every defense witness was made to appear by the judge as being unfit and incompetent to testify, regardless of his professional standing.

"Even the audience at the trial finally took to seeing humor in the situation. Any objection made by the government's attorneys was immediately sustained by the judge. Every objection made by Lee's attorney was at once over-ruled. It finally got to the point where the audience laughed every time the defense made an objection.

Letters from the NATIONAL DRUG CLERK magazine, Vol. XXXI, Nos. 7 and 8. July-August 1943

VITAMIN PRODUCTS COMPANY

2023 West Wisconsin Ave.Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 28, 1943.
Mr. Paul MandaBach. Editor,
THE NATIONAL DRUG CLERK, 646 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

Dear Mr. Mandabach: Thanks for your copy of THE NATIONAL DRUG CLERK in which Catalm is mentioned in the editorial.

This editorial, however, docs not express the true state of affairs. The decision of the District Court, in which Judge Duffy was reversed, held that our advertising matcrial was labeling and not advertising and therefore continued to be under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration even though it was also advertising and was under the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission as well.

Our attitude was that we did not care which stand the government took as long as they took a consistent stand and gave us an opportunity to guide our conduct accordingly. Statements made in advertising are not as closely restricted as statements made in labels, for a label statement must not be made unless it conforms to the consensus of National medical opinion; whereas advertising statements may be made without regard to the consensus of medical opinion if they are true and accurate representations. We have never made any statement that was not true -and accurate in our advertising as far as we have been able to determine by careful innstigation, and we are willing to guarantee the statements in any way the law permits. However, where advertising claims are to be limited to the restrictions imp 0 sed upon labels. it is necessary to eliminate from advertising any statement that is not considered the consensus of medical opinion. This consensus of medical opinion is nothing more or less than the statements of the expert witnesses that the government may call in a prosecution. and as a rule are not reallv the consensus of medical op(nion but merely opinions that are Qought by the Government for the purpose and might be anything. For example, in a previous case in which our advertising stated, "expert witnesses" bought by the Government, made these statements:
1. No vitamin is of any value in the treatment of any infectious disease.
2. It is improbable that a vitamin has any relation to the cause of any infectious disease.
3. Vitamin deficiency does not cause degenerative changes in the human system.
4. Functional diseases are not a result of vitamin deficiency.
5. Diseases of metabolism are not result of vitamin deficiency.
6. Scurvy is not a degenerative disease. i. The effect of a food element upon man is identical with its effect upon an animal.

All of these statements are in direct opposition to the facts that ha\e been already published by other Government departments. This. of course, is all complete evidence of a lack of good faith on the part of the government officials and is along the lines of other New Deal dishonesty with which our entire \Vashington picture is now saturated.

J would appreciate your printing this letter in your Journal if you feel that your readers would like to get a true picture of the situation.

Yours very truly, VITAMIN PRODUCTS COMPANY, Royal Lee.

Dr. Lee/z
June 2, 1943.

Dr. Royal Lee, Vitamin Products Company, 202, Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Dear Dr. Lee:
Your letter. of May 28th received, and I note your statements.

I will be happy to reprint your letter. but I am wondering if before I do so in order to give all sides of this case a say, whether it wouldn't be advisable to submit the article and a copy of your letter to the F. D. A. of the F. S. A. and the F. D. C. and to the judge who ruled in the district court in this case in order to secure their version if! connection with my article and your letter in the thought of puhlishing their statements as well as yours.

If this is satisfactory with you, kindly advise. Yours for VICTORY.
Paul J. Mandabach, Editor, THE NATIONJ\L DRUG CLERK. PJM/DL

VITAMIN PRODUCTS COMPANY
2023 West Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
June 4, 1943.
Mr. Paul J. Mandabach, Editor, THE NATIONAL DRUG CLERK, 646 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

Dear Mr. Mandabach:
Thank you for your letter of June 2. I am heartily in favor of your program of getting any comments from al1 parties concerned. I think that the attitude 0f the Government and its bureaucratic officials needs a little airing in public.
Very truly yours, VITAMIN PRODUCTS COMPANY. Royal Lee. Dr. LEE/z

June 15, 1943. Chairman Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D. C.
Gentlemen: I enclose herewith an editorial that I had in THE NATIONAL DRUG CLERK, exception to which was taken by Dr. l{oyal Lee, President of Vitamin Products Company, 2023 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as per the enclosed copy of letter. I wrote him that I would be happy to publish his letter hut would like the comments of the Federal Trade Commission, the Court and the F. D. A. of the F. S. A.

I will appreciate your comment on my article and anything you may want to add in connection with the printing of Dr. Royal Lee's letter.
Yours for VICTORY, Paul J. Mandabach, Editor,
THE NATIONAL DRUG CLERK, PJM/hf

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